Truck



Apfil 10, 1945. M. H. MIARTIN TRUCK Filed Feb; 16, 1943 3 Sheets-Sheet 1,m r a a w. m,

M. MARTIN April 10, 1945. I

TRUCK Filed Feb. 16, 1943 :5 SheetS-Shet 2 I April 10', 1945. M. H.MARTIN i 2,373,252

TRUCK Patented'Apr. 1c, 1945' uni-T D STATES PATENT orgies 2,313,252

, TRUCK Mark H. Martin, Beading, Pa., assignor'to Birdsboro SteelFoundry and Machine Company, Birdsboro, Pa.,-a corporation ofPennsylvania. Application February 16, 1943, Serial No.'47.6 ,099 asClaims. (cl. 105-1971) My invention relates to railway car tracks of thefreight earjtypeand, in particular, a truck characterized by good ridingqualities, capacity called double truss side frame which is more par-'strength potentialities of the frame design in than is obtained inprevious designs with a reticularly described and claimed in UnitedStates f Letters Patent No. 1,652,808, dated December 13,

the tension portion of the main truss-i defined by the usual horizontalbeam member of the frame between the lower ends of theholster columnsand by the diagonal members extending towards the journal boxes, and thetension portion of th aui'riliary truss extendsupwardly and outwardlyfrom near the center of the s ring seat odiedin portion of the frame. Aactually e the frame, this auxiliary tension portion is ofi'set orraised relative to the tension member of the maintrussand formstriangular shaped reinforcements atthe junctions of the bolster columnsthat this construction materially strengthens the side frame by reducingor minimizing the deflectionoi the spring seat portion.

Many twes offspring suspensions have been employed to transfer thebolster loadto the'iore sulting economy o'fxmetal in the frame and lowaverage maximum fibre stresses.

A further object'is to devise a truck of the character indicated inwhich the spring load is dividedbetween the main and auxiliary trussesof the side the sideframe through a leaf spring so that this bolsterloadwhich is distributed to. the central.

portion of the side frame through the coil springs.

A further object is the provisiorlof'a doubletruss side frame assembly.which incorporates a non-synchronous spring suspension, certain portions of the suspension transmitting the bolster load directly to thespring' eat portion of the frame constituting a part of the main trussand other portions transmitting directly to the auxiliary truss.

These and further objects of my invention will beset forth in'thefollowing specification, referand spring seat portion. It has been;ascertained going type of frame, including simple coilspr ing- I groupsand combinations of such springs and fork absorptive springs orsnubbers, .but in all cases, so far as lam aware, the spring loadinghas'been applied to the frame substantially in.-

wardly of the bolster guide columns and against I theispring seatportion otthe' frame. Accord- 'ingly, the load is concentrated generallyat the' center of the frame-with the result that the full spring. 1

shoe being had to the accompanying drawings, andthe novel means by whichsaid objects are eflectuated will be definitely pointed out in theclaims.

In the drawings: I I Fig. 1 is a side elevation of one form of myimproved truck, partly in section.

Fig. 2 is a sectional plan view of. one-of the side frames taken alongthe line 2- 2 in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is' a.section along the line H in' Fig. 1 showing the springseatfor an end of the leaf trat'ed'by way of'exa'mple one form'of my inv lftipn'as applied to a spring Plankless truck" in which the side framesembody 'so-called radial column guides to provide a controlled relativemovement betweenthe bolster and side frames and accordingly a controlledflexibility of the truck. My improved truck i equipped with the usualwheels and journals l I which are received \within Journal boxes I!having the conventional wedges and brasses (not shown). The boxes arelocated at the ends of and preferably formed integrally with a generallyhollowside frame ll comprising a compression member H, atension memberl5 and bolster guide columns or strut portions .l6 which spaceintermediate portions of the compression and tension members anddelinebetween the columns a bolster window openfine between the columns abolster window opening l'l. As illustrated, the members are joined toeach other and to the journal boxes I 2, although the latter may beseparately formed if desired and inthis event, the ends of the framewould be jaw-shapedin thewe'll known manner.

Between th i5 -is formed generally witha box section comprising an upperweb I La lower web I! and side walls 20. As indicated in Fig. 2, the webll is extended laterally beyond thewalls. to form a spring seat portionor support as hereinafter explained and these shelves may be braced bygusset portions 22 which extend laterally from the walls Ill andunderlie the shelves.

aa'raasa end of a truck bolster "which may a .box section and which isvertically slidable be- This construction provides tween the columns.fora certain flexibility of the truck due to the capacity for relativemovement between the boister and side frames occasioned when one frameFull bearing contact betends to lead. the other. tween the bolster andframes is. maintained during this movement in contrast tothe limited andfrom the side frames.

columns ll, the tension member shelves which together with the webli'fo'rm -In order to rigidify and strengthen the tension member I! andthe junction between this member and the columns II, the upper portionof the "member is offset or embossed along the longitudinal center lineof the frame on each side of the junction of the respective bolstercolumns with the member. This oifsetting of the tension member takes theform of upper, diagonally dis-.

posed webs 2: which begin near and on opposite sides of the center ofthe web IO and extend diagonally upward through the bolster guidecolumns is towards the ends of the frame. The width of the web 23 issomewhat less than the transverse thickness of the tension member II Thebolster is partially supported by a cluster of coil springs 32 arrangedas an inner and-an outer group relativ to the side frame, four suchsprings being shown in the present instance, al-

though the number in upper spring plate 33 which seats against the underside of the bolster and. is held in position by lugs ll projecting intoapertures 35 in the bottom wall of thebclster, while the lower ends reston a bottom spring plate 35 which bears on the. web it and shelves II;The periphery of the plate 3 may be upwardly flanged as at if to retainthe lower ends of the springs 32 and notched as at a so that the ends ofthe plate lengthwise of the frame straddle the reinforcements 25.

The bolster is also supported on a semi-elliptic ieaf'spring "which isdisposed lengthwise-of the frame between the groups of coil springs 32and the centerband 40 of the leaf spring projects through an opening llin'the plate 33 for direct loading by the bolster. extend from theband." into an aperture 43 provided in the lower web of the bolster. Theends of the leaf spring are seated in pockets 44, each and the beamsection of this member between the columns and is connected to thediagonal tension portionsof the member and the web ll by'depending-sidewalls 14. inwardly of the columns it, the. webs II and side walls 24form triangular reinforcements or; embossments I! I which are connectedto the columns and web II. In e'fiect, the webs 28 and side walls 2|provide an auxiliary tension reinforcing portion for themaintensionimember Ii and also provide in conjunction with the commoncompression memher an auxiiiarytruss which cooperates with the maintruss of the side frame comprising the memhers I! and II and the columnsI. speaking, this construction stiifens the frame. re-

Generally duces the deflection of the portion of the main tension memberbetween the columns ll and permits anincrease in the'strength of theframe for any givenweight. For further details regarding the structuralaspects of the frame and the truss design theory involved. attention is[directed to the above noted patent.

In the particular side frame illusmted in Fig.

l, thecolumns it are provided with adding surfaces" which possess aconcave, cylindrical curthe vertical center line .21 of the side frame":1 -The surfaces 26 have guiding relation with complementary convexsurfaces II provided on, each of which is. included in a block 45integrally formed withand extending upwardly from a reinforcement 25adjacent abolster column and r I 7 provided with side flanges 46 asretainersfor the ends of the spring. I

Under operating conditions, the springs 32 and 3!- act in unison and inparallel, load transfer relation to. transmit loads to the side frame.

, Owing to the work absorptive nature of the spring j l0, its naturalperiod of vibration is different from the coil springs 32 so a mutualdampening action is set up which inhibits any tendency towardssynchronous vibration. This type 'of- A vibration, common in the simplecoil spring SUS-t pension, may, in the-event of synchrojfizationwith'the freduency of shocks transmitte'dto the true): by wheel or railirregularities or out of sur,--' facerail joints, increasethe amplitudeof the rollof the carbody sufliciently to cause-derailment] on curves ormay drive the springs solid with. resulting uncushioned shocks on,therails and possible failure of the springs.

. This spring, grouping distributesthe load well over the portiomof thetension member between y the bolster columns and allocates the load tothe vatufe; the axis of the curvature coinciding with 4 main andauxiliary trusses of the frame. In thisconnection, it will be noted thatthe auxiliary truss-portion represented by the web 2! acts as a springload carrying part in addition to its usual 4 ay be varied as desired.The upper ends of the springs bear against an A'centering lug 42 may Vload thing function with respect to that portion of the bolster loadwhich is applied to the web It. By delivering the leaf spring load tothe blocks 45 which are adjacent and connected to the columns to, it ispossible to avoid concentrating the bolsterdoad at the center of theframe with the accompanying I objectionable tendency towards deflectionof the portion of the tension member between the bolster columns. It istherefore possible to avoid areas of critical load-. ing on the frameand to accordingly distribute the metal in the frame in a more efiectivemanner for any given strength factor. In general, all of the foregoingfeatures have been combined so that the truck is characterized by goodriding qualities, capacity for high speed service andeasy assembly andreplacement of the several parts of the truck.

It is contemplated that existing double truss side frames may beconditioned to provide the frame shown in Fig. 1 by means of blocks ill(see Fig. 4) -whose under side is shaped to fit and which would bewelded or otherwise secured to a reinforcement 25 adjacent a column 16.This block would be comparable to' the block IS in Fig. 1 and wouldinclude a spring pocket 48 flanked by retaining flanges 49.

In Figs. 5 and 6 is illustrated a modified design which differs only inthat the ends of a semi elliptic, leaf spring 50,.comparable to thespring 39, extends through-openings 5| in bolster columns 52,respectively, for support on auxiliary tension webs stfcorresponding tothe-webs 23, outwardly of the columns. Otherwise, this modification isidentical with that shown in Fig. 1.

It will be understood that the invention is not restricted to a springplankless, radial column spring 3 by the bolaten'the coil springsresting on the seat and the ends of the leaf 7 spring on the reinforct.

4. In a truck, the combination of a truss side frame having acompression-member, a tension member, bolster guide columns extendingbetween the members, a spring seat included between the columns and anauxiliary truss reinforcement for.

the tension member beginning inwardly of the columns and extendingupwardly in opposite directions from the spring seat, a bolster slidablebetween the columns, and a spring assembly com- V prising coil springsand a semi-elliptic leaf spring loaded by the bolster, the coil springsresting on the spring seat and the ends of theleaf spring extendingthrough openings in the columns for support by the reinforcement.

5. In a truck, the combination ofa truss side a frame having a springseat, bolster guide columns at the ends of the seat, and a tensionmember provided with main and auxiliary truss tension portions, abolster slidable between the columns, and aspring assembly comprisingcoil springs between the bolster and spring seat and leaf spring meansloaded by the bolster and supported on the auxiliary tension portion.

6. In a truck, the combination of a truss side V frame having acompression member, a tension member provided with main and auxiliarytruss tension portions, bolster guide columns extending between themembers and aspring seat included between the columns, a bolsterslidable between truck, but may also be incorporated in the more commontypes of truck which utilize, spring planks or flat sided bolsters andbolster columns. I claim: 1. In a truck, the combination of a truss sideframe havinga spring seat and bolster guide columns at. the ends of theseat, an, auxiliary truss reinforcement for the tension member of theframe extending in opposite directions upwardly from and having springpockets adjacent the ends of the spring seat, a. bolster slidablebetween the columns, and a spring assembly comprising coil springsbetween the bolster and spring seat and a semi-elliptic leaf springloaded by the bolster and disposed lengthwise of the frame, the ends ofthe leaf spring seating in the pockets.

2. In a truck, the combination of a truss side frame having acompressionmember, a tension member, bolster guide columns extending between themembers, a spring seat included between the -columns and an auxiliarytruss reinforcement for th tension member extending in opposltedirections upwardly from the'spring seat; a bolster 'slidable betweenthecolumns, and a spring assembly comprising freely acting and workabsorptive springs loadedby the bolster, one kind of springs resting onthe spring seat and the other on the-reinforcement.

3. In a truck, the combination of a truss side frame having acompression member, a tension member, bolster guide columns extendingbetween the members, a spring seat included between the columns and anauxiliary truss reinforcement for the tension member beginning inwardlyof the columns and extending in opposite directions upwardly from thespring seat, a bolster, slidable between the fcolumns, and a springassembly comprising coil springs and a semi-elliptic leaf the columns,and a spring assembly comprising coil springs between the bolster andspring seat from the spring seat, and a leaf spring seat on theauxiliary portion adjacent each column.

8. A side frame comprising a compression member, a, tension memberhaving main and auxiliary truss tension portions, bolster guide columnsextending between the members and a springseat included between thecolumns, the auxiliary tension portions beginning inwardly of thecolumns and extending upwardly in opposite directions from the springseat and each column being aper; tured to a size adequate to receive aleaf spring for support by the auxiliary portions outwardly of thecolumns. 1 a

9. In a truck, the combination of a side frame 1 comprising acompression member, a tension member having main and auxiliary trusstension portions, bolster guide columns extending betweenthe members toform a window opening, the auxiliar'y tension portions beginninginwardly of the I I columns and extending upwardly in opposite dilibmotions, and a semi-ellipticleaf spring disposed in the opening forloading by .a bolster and having its emk supported on the auxiliaryportion adjacent the columns.

10. In a truck, the combination of a side frame comprising a compressionmember, a tension member having main and auxiliary truss tensionportions, bolster guide columns extending be.-

tween the members to fox-ma window opening, the

auxiliary tension portions beginning inwardly of the columns andextending upwardly in opposite directions, and a semi-elliptic leafspring disposed in the opening for loading by a bolster and having itsends extending through openings in the columns for support by theauxiliary portions out wardly of the columns.

11. In truck construction employmga double truss,side frame having amain tension member and having a pocket for receiving one end of anotherbolster loaded spring.

2,878,252 r r v member provided with a main tension portion and etsextending oppositely from the central part of and alongthe main tensionportion to form an auxiliary truss reinforcement for the frame, bolsterguide columns extending between the members and a spring seat includedbetween the columns, a bolster slidable between the columns, and a s rinassembly comprising coil springs between the bolster and spring seat andleaf spring means supported onthe embossments inwardly of and close tothe columns.

12.In a truck, the combination of a double" truss side frame having aspring seat and embossments extending oppositely from the seat along theframe tension member to' form an auxiliary truss reinforcement, abolster operably related to the frame, and a spring assembly comprisingcoil springs between the bolster and spring seat and a leaf springloaded by the bolster and having its ends bearing on the embossments.

13. In a truck, the combination of a double truss side frame having acompression member, a tension'member, bolster guide columns extendingbetween the members, a spring seat on the tension member between thecolumns, embossments extending from the seat inwardly of the columns inopposite directions along the tension member to form an auxiliary trussreinforcement for the frame, a bolster slidable between the columns, anda spring assembly comprising coil springs between the bolster and springseat and a leaf spring loaded by the bolster and having its ends bearingon the embossments inwardly of the columns. v

1?. In a truck, the combination of a double truss side frame having acompression member,

a tension member, bolster guide columns ex-' tending between themembers, a spring seat on the tension member between the columns,embossments extending oppositely from the seat along the tension member,a bolster slidable between the columns, and a springassembly comprising"coil springs between the bolster and spring seatand a leaf spring loadedby the bolster and having its ends extending through openings in thecolumns for support by the embossments.

- 15. In a truck, the combination of a trussside frame having a springseatand embossments extending oppositely from the'seat along the frametension member to form an;auxiliary truss reinforcement for the frame,the emts having spring pockets adjacent the ends of the spring seat, abolster operably related to the-frame, and

a spring assembly comprising coil springs between the bolster and springseat and a semi-elliptic ledf 16. In a truck, the combination of a trussside frame having a compression member, a tension member, bolster guidecolumns extending between I8. A side frame comprising a compressionmember; a tension member provided with a main tension portion andembossments therefor, bolster guide columns extending between themembers and a spring seat included between the columns, the embossmentsbeginning inwardly of the columns and extending upwardly in oppositedirections from the spring seat to form an auxiliary the embossmentsbeginning inwardly ofthe'columns and extending upwardly inoppositedirections from the spring seatto provide an auxiliary trussreinforcement for the main tension portion and each column beingapertured to a size adequate to receive a leaf spring for support by theassociated embossment outwardly of the column.

20. In a truck, the combination of aside frame comprising a compressionmember, a tension memberhaving a main tension portion and embossmentstherefor, bolster guide columns extending between the members to form awindow opening, the embossments beginning inwardly of the columns andextending upwardly in opposite directions, to provide an auxiliary trussreinforcementfor the main tension portion, and a semielliptic leafspring disposed in the opening for loading by a bolster and havingitsends extending through openings in the columns for support by theembossments outwardly of the columns.

21. In truck construction employing a double ster loaded springs. asblock shaped for securement'to and bearing on each embossment and havinga pocket for receiving one end of another bolster loaded spring.

spring loaded by the bolster and disposed lengthwise "of the frame, theends of the leaf spring. seating inthepockets.

the members, a spring seat included between the columns, embossments forthe tension member beginning inwardly of the columns and extending inopposite directions from the spring seat, a bolster slidable between thecolumns, bad a sprin assembly comprising coil springs and a semi-ellip"-tic leaf spring loaded by ,the bolster, the coil springs resting onthe sprin seat and the ends of the leaf spring through openings in l Tthe columns forsupport by the 17, In struck, the combination of a trussside 22. In a truck, the combination of a sideframe having a compressionmember, a tension member, bolster guide columns bridged between themembars, a spring seat on the tension member between the columns andauxiliary, diagonaltension portions extending from the spring seatinwardly of the columns in opposite directions toward the ends of thetension member, a bolster siidable between the columns, anda springassembly com-'- 'p'rising coil springs between the bolster and springseat and plate spring means loaded by the bolster and supported on theportions.

23. In a truck,the combination of a side frame having a. compressionmember, a tension member,

bolster guide columns bridgedbetween the members, a'spring seat on thetension member between the columns and auxiliary, diagonal tensionmembers extending from the spring seat inwardly of frame having acompression member, a tension is the columns in opposite directionstoward the on .the Portions.

- spring seat. and a leaf loaded by the bolster within the windowopening extending from the spring columns in opposite directions towardthe ends intermediately asrasss ends of the tension member, a bolsterslidable between the columns, and a spring assembly comprising coilsprings between the bolster and spring seat and plate spring meansloaded by the bolster and supported on the auxiliary-members,

' the coil springs and plate spring means being arranged in parallel,load transfer relation.

24. In a truck, the'combination of a side frame having a compressionmember, atension' member, bolster guide columns bridged between themembers, a spring' seat onthe tension'member between the columns andauxiliary, tension portions extending from the spring seat inwardly ofthe columns in "opposite directions toward the sion portions extendingfrom the spring seat inwardly of the column in opposite directionstoward the ends oi the tension member, a bolster slidable between thecolumns, and a spring assembly comprising coil springs between thebolster and spring seat and -leai spring-disposed lengthwise of theframe and intermedie-tely loaded by the bolster, the ends of the leafspring bearing on' theportions.

26. In a. truck, the combination of a side frame having a compressionmember, a tension member, bolster guide, columns bridged between themembers to include fa. window opening, a. spring seat on the tensionmember between the columns and auxiliary, diagonal tension portionsextend ingfroni the spring seat inwardly of the columns in oppositedirections toward the ends of thetension member, a bolster siidablebetween the columns, and a spring assembly comprising coil springsbetween the bolster andbpring seat and plate spring meanshaving a loadedby the bolster within the window openingand supported on the portions. 4

27. In truck, the combination of a side 'frame having a compressionmember, a ten- I sion member, bolster guide. columns ,bridgdhkQ tweenthe/members to include a window opening, aspring seat on the tensionmember between. the columns and aumliary, diagonal tension portionsextending from the spring seat inwardly of the ,columns in oppositedirections toward the ends voi the tension member, a bolster slidablebetween the columns, and a spring assembly comprising' coil springsbetween the bolster and .spring intermediately and having its endsbearing on the portions. 28; In atruck, the combination of; side framehaving .a compression member, a tension. member, bolster guidecolumnsbridged between the members to include" a window. opening., a onthe tensiorix-member between "the spring; seat columns and auxiliary,diagonal tension portions seat inwardlyof the tween the columns thewindow opening, the ends of the leaf spring bearing on the portions.

29. In. a truck, the-combination of a side frame having .a compressionmember, a tension member,

bolster guide columns bridged between the member'sra spring seat on thetension member be-'. tween thecolumns and auxiliary, diagonal ten sionportions extending from the spring seat inwiardly of the columns inopposite directions toward'the ends of the tension member, a bolsterslidable between the columns, and a spring assembly comprising a centralcluster of coil springs between the bolster and spring seatwand leafspring means loaded by the bolster and having its ends extending inopposite directions from the cluster for support on the portions.

30. In a truck, the combination of a side frame having a compressionmember, a tension member, bolster guide columns bridged between themembers, a spring seat on. the tension member between the columnsandauxiliary, diagonal ten-. sion portions extending from the spring seatinwardly of the columns in opposite directions toward the ends of thetension'member, a bolster slidable between the columns, and a. springas- 'seinbly comprising a central cluster of coil springs between thezbolster spring means loaded by the bolster and extending lengthwise ofthe frame and having its ends 'mojecting in opposite directions from thecluster for support on the portions.

31. In a truck, the combination ofa side frame having a compressionmember, bolster guide columns bridged between the members, a'spring seaton the tension member be- I I, and auxiliary, diagonal tension portionsextending from the spring beat inwardly of the columns in oppositedirections to-.-

Hward the ends of the tension member, a bolster slidable between thecolumns, and a spring assembly comprising a central cluster of coilsprings arranged-in inner and outer groups between the bolsterand springseat and leaf spring means loaded by the bolsterfand extendinglengthwiseof the frame between the groups and having its ends projectingin. opposite directions from the cluster. for support on the portions.

x "3'2. Ina truck, the combination of aside frame having a compressionmember,- a tension membn bol'ster gnide columns bridged between thenembers', a springseatgn the tension member betweenthe'coiumns andauxiliaryfdiagonai ten- I sion' portions extending from the spring seatinwardly of thecolumns in opposite directions to ward the ends of thetension memberya' bolster slidablegbetween the columns,and a springassembly comprising coil sprin s between the 1501-" ster and spring seatand plate spring means loaded. by the bolster andsuDDM'ted on theportions adjacent-the columns.

- I33. Ina truck, the combination ofa side frame having .a compressionmember,a tension member, bolster guide columns bridged between themembers, the members -'and columns constituting a main truss-,a springseat on the tension member between the columns and auxiliary trussportions extending from thespring seat inwardly of'the of-the tensionmember, a bolster slidable between the columns, aspring assemblycomprising coil springs between the bolster and spring seat and a leafspring disposed lengthwise of the frame;

loaded by the bolster within columns in opposite directions toward theends of the tension member, a bolster slidable between the columns, anda spring assembly comprising. coil springs between the bolster andspring seat 'andp'late spring means loaded by the bolster and supportedby the portions at an elevation higher than the spring seat. Y

34. In. a truck the'combinationof a side frame and spring seat and leafa, tension member;

having a compression member. a tension member, bolster guide columnsbridged between the members to include a window opening, the members andcolumns constituting a main truss, a spring seat on the tension memberbetween the columns and auxiliary truss portions extending from thespring seat inwardly of the columns in opposite directions toward theends of the tension member, abolster slidable between the columns, and aspring assembly comprising coil springs between the bolster and springseat and plate spring means having a part loaded by the bolster withinthe window opening and supported on the portions at an elevation higherthan the spring seat.

35; In a truck, the combination of a side frame having a compressionmember, a tension member, bolster guide columns bridged between themembers to include a window opening, the members and columnsconstituting a main truss, a. spring seat on the tension member betweenthe columns and auxiliary truss portions extending from the spring seatinwardly of the columns in opposite directions toward the ends of thetension memher, a bolster slidable between the columns, and a springassembly comprising coil springs between the bolster and spring seat anda leaf spring intermediately loaded by the bolster within the windowopening and having its ends bearingon the portions at an elevationhigher than the spring seat. V

36. In a truck, the combination of a truss side frame having acompression member, a tension member, bolster guide columns extendingbetween the members, a spring seat included between the columns and anauxiliary truss reinforcement for the tension member'exten'ding inopposite directions upwardly from the spring seat, a bolster slidablebetween the columns, and a non-synchronous spring assembly comprisingsprings having different periods of vibration loaded by the bolster,springs having the same period resting on the spring seat and the othersprings on the reinforcement.

